Yes. Also, a supplemental informational resource is Josephus, History of the Jews.
I want to add that many modern Bible translations have omitted things or altered things. So that's another unfortunate aspect to be concerned about.
If you lay the KJV alongside the NIV or ESV, there are many many differences. If the Catholic Church is behind it, then perhaps they are altering stuff to make their doctrine fit.
KJV is good since we feel the Spirit throwing light on the passages as equally I have been illumined many times while reading the Bible ages ago in the vernacular. I believe we confuse the Scripture being God breathed, somewhat like Mary confused the risen Christ for a gardener or somebody else. But when she heard his voice, she knew instantly her Master's voice. The word of God works with a believer not because of original MS or it is in KJV but it connects with heart a spiritual space. St Paul speaks how the Spirit helps with our infirmities in Ro.8. It is equally true with reading. Thy word is truth and it is how it speaks to man. Jesus Chrisst the same yesterday, today and forever. In John 2o Mary, "she turned herself back, and saw Jesus standing, and knew not that it was Jesus." But the voice of the Word is eternal. "Jesus saith unto her, Mary." Instantly she recognized the Word become flesh. There is a difference between the man and the word become flesh. Similarly there is a difference between literal approach and letting the Spirit illumine our reading.
What is 'perfect' and should there be a controversy over it. God is perfect and it is holiness of God. Human intellect make nonsense in explaining it. God commands us, 'Be ye holy, for I am holy'. Without 'grace' it would not be possible. Truth and grace came by Jesus Christ. Perfection is rounded off in our abiding life by our Redeemer Lord as St Paul confesses to the 'power of Christ in me' (2 Co.12:9).
Thank you for sharing that Brother Michael Dorsey. I do agree with what you have written, & especially noted, "The only perfect translation You are going to find is to have the Original Manuscripts". I too have used Bible Hub for years, mainly for its Hebrew & Greek Lexicons & found it to be very good & useful in better understanding words (especially those debatable ones) giving me a fuller understanding of the passage. However, one Greek brother who comes on here sometimes, did check me on what I had once written to someone (when giving a meaning of a word). He said that in Greek, my advice given was incorrect & he went further to do research on why that word was used. Apparently, it wasn't taken from the Greek text as given in the Textus Receptus, but from another source. So I say this, as one may need to take care, seeing that Bible Hub doesn't necessarily use the TR/KJB as the source material for publishing its Greek words.
And even here on this Site, a little while ago there has been debate on the word 'perfect', as found in e.g. Matthew 5:48, Matthew 19:21, 1 Corinthians 2:6. This word 'perfect' has been used by some here to denote, 'sinlessness', that we have to be, or even now, are sinless. Not sure of your position on this, but reading the Greek, 'teleios', seems to indicate more towards 'completeness, full-grown, mature'. Now in Matthew 5:48 we have a problem, we see that Jesus gives the command, to "Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect." So, clearly the absolute perfection that our Father fully has within Himself, cannot be the same that we need to have/strive for on Earth: that is, not towards sinlessness, but towards maturity & completeness. So, I share this just to show how important the original languages are to assist us in understanding God's Word, and especially the KJB (17th Century) which uses language & expressions that sometimes are quite foreign to us here in the 21st Century.
As a Minister I often refer to Bible Hub. I Preach out of the King James Version. But People need to understand this . It is not a perfect translation. The only perfect translation You are going to find is to have the Original Manuscripts. And be able to read Greek, Latin and Hebrew of the Ancient World. I find that the other Interpretations shed more light on the Verse without getting crazy out far from the meaning. I would recommend Anyone to Read and learn from the KJV. But as I've said the Bible Hub shows the same verse worded differently in several Interpretations. I use the descriptions of these in my explanation of breaking down the KJV. For those struggling to understand or a New Convert . There is no shame in using all the material available today to learn. If You are sincere God is going to show You how and what to follow when confusion arises. My Father in Law who passed away in 2000 . I was Saved under His Ministry. He had books and Materials by Men that were not particularly in His Christian wheelhouse so to speak. But He always said, You take Their Knowledge and You use it because They are smart Men. You are still going to believe what You believe. I think there is such a Stigma or Shame put on People if They don't go to anything but the KJV. I believe God gave it to Us . I believe it to be the Preferred Choice of Text. But I also believe People should be open to learning. It wasn't until the KJV was published that Man even really knew about Scripture. And this goes back to Moses and the Law . By keeping Man in the dark it allowed Others to hold Power over Them. Ezra built a Homemade Pulpit and taught the People and They asked Questions for the first time EVER and actually cried at hearing The Word of God. Jesus tore down The Elitist System some 2000 years ago of Pharisees and Manmade Sway . We don't need to Rebuild it again. But as soon as Christ got out of sight at Bethany. Man was already busy becoming Man again.
Not sure how young your daughter is, but there are a lot of tools you can use to get her use to reading KJV. If you look up on Pinterest "Sunday School Lessons KJV", or "KJV for youth" or "KJV for teens", you'll find some things you can print out to use. Example, here is a cool tip by Kevin Barney to help with reading the KJV: "Just remember this rule: th- forms are always singular (thou, thee, thy, thine) and y- forms are always plural (ye, you, your, yours)."
Try to get her interested in learning how to read the KJV, there are a lot of tools out there that can help. Don't force it, and make it fun. I hope this helps. God bless.
Letha Lane Its really good that your daughter is interested in reading the Word of God. You really should get her a KJB, the NLT is no different than the Niv. All modern version Bibles have changed the words. In ( Jer 23:36) it says "for ye have (perverted) the words of the living God, of the LORD of hosts our God. The word (perverted) is #2015 in Hebrew; it means to change. All modern versions, including the NLT have changed and even leave out complete verses. ( 1 Cor 1:10) tells us we should all speak the same thing, and that there be no divisions among you, and ye should be perfectly joined together in the same mind. Think about this? If 10 different people read the same verse from 10 different modern version Bibles, then you tell them to memorize that verse. Do you think they would all speak the same thing? Would there be divisions among them? Would they be all joined together in the same mind? All the modern versions have changed the words, they are ALL different. The KJB has had the same words since 1611. The KJB is the pure, preserved Word of God that He promised us in ( Ps 12:6-7) The word (pure) is #2889; it means sound, unadulterated, uncontaminated, morally innocent or holy. God used holy men of God in ( 2 Pet 1:19-21) to preserve His Word or this time period. (Pro 30:6-7) Tells us "Every word of God is pure, he is a shield unto them that put their trust in him. (7) Add thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, and thou be found a liar. All modern versions have added to and taken way from His Words! ( Rev 22:18-19) We should not add to or take away from His Words. Get your daughter the True Word of God a King James Bible, not words of men. I would also recommend getting her a Strongs Concordance to go with it, thats where you get the True meaning of the words in the Original languages like I did with the words (perverted) and (pure). Modern versions changing the words have taken that option away in there books. God Bless you, I hope this helps.
My younger daughter has been looking at a NLT Bible and I was wondering if it is very close to King James Bible or not. I like the King James for several reasons, but she would like one she thinks is easier to understand/read. It makes me sad, but I told her I'd find out. Do you have any advice? I don't want the NIV because they leave out verses and change wording which is not right. I just wasn't sure about NLT.
In Philippians 3:10, Paul shares his motivation, and more specifically his compassion.
It is difficult to define this one word without taking the entire verse, but I will try.
He (Paul) says, "while being made conformable unto His death;"
So the first two things, the power of His resurrection, and fellowship of His suffering, just those two things, while something else is going on all the time, Paul says, while being made conformable to His death.
You see, Paul saw himself that if he was going to have fellowship with Christ, if he was going to belong to Christ, Jesus gave up, suffered and died for His mission.
Paul saw his life that every day, he's being more and more conformed to the death of Christ, that he too, in order to have his mission that God called him to, that he too would have to die every day, being conformed to the death of Christ.
In Philippians 3:2, the term dogs in this text is actually making reference to a religious phrase. The Gentiles were considered dogs by the Jews.
There are two words in the New Testament that have to do with a dog. KUNARION is a household pet. And then we have a KUON. A KUON is a wild scavenger. And that's the animal used here.
Gentiles were called KUON'S, wild scavengers, impure, and grungy. So it was an insult to call somebody a KUON.
And so he's using the word KUON. He says beware of the dogs. That's the false teachers that come in.
Beware of evil workers, beware of the concision, which literally means mutilation.
PERITOME, to cut around, is the Greek word for circumcision. KATATOME, to cut off, is the word for mutilation. And Paul is using the exaggerated mind picture for us to say that people that go around cutting themselves in any way, shape, or form in order to better themselves spiritually, that's all they are doing is mutilating themselves.
Beware of those false teachers that say that you can come in and receive Christ, but you have to be circumcised. Beware of the evil workers. Beware of the dogs.
My interpretation of " beware of dogs' and evil workers Is a metaphor. To me he is explaining the evil of man. Dogs I would imagine were wild in this time. Pack animals. Not domesticated like today. They would have hunted together to devour their prey. Like many evil humans.
My comment is provoked for good to bring clarification, we ofttimes have made generalized statements as if they are a "truth of or about God, " but is not. Concerning dogs and all animals and creation the whole creation as we have after the Fall of Mankind is in a fallen state affected by the sin state of mankind and creation since mankind also was given dominion over all the care of the earth in general without listing all details here. With that said God is not hating on any of his creation but the state that it is in is separation from God (a sin state/fallen) and his intended purpose. So, animals are not in their correct state either so their is no permission that has been given of God to make pets of creatures from other kingdoms in the earth world, so there is no special claims on animals that God has chosen to domesticate this is something mankind has chosen to do right or wrong. I do not even think we were suppose to domesticate and take any specific animals for mankind's delight as pets as our main relationships were to be with God and one another/people some people erred in loving animals more. I think they can be helpful when trained as we have come to discover but as "Pets" God is not in that and just because man can find a good use for something does not make it "Approved of God and we really need to stop saying things in this manner because it is just not true. We say these things because it is what we want and we try to make ourselves feel better and get others to believe these things with us by trying to stamp them with God's approval and God is not and has not given us a stamp of approval on this kind of thinking and behaving in life. All mentions of "Dogs," in scripture are derogatory in meaning never anything of good for its use so I do believe that this is what we should say as well, until all creation have been redeemed and are made new again we are not to esteem anything in this world as desirable, good, or approved of God.
Ephesians 4 26 explains about being angry. Exodus 20'5 say he is a jealous God also. God is sad when we are stubborn and don't have faith to obey him and we read all through the bible that when his children are disobedient God pours his wrath out
Hi Bill , I agree . All living things are part of God's gorgeous creation , I know that God loves us humans and I can't imagine that He doesn't love all the other amazing creatures that He created . I have to say that I do wonder how God feels when He sees all the awful things that we have done on His earth and to it . He sees everything and I'm guessing that a lot of it isn't a pretty sight . Does He feel sad ? Or angry ? I can't wait for the day that He will make all things new .
1John1:3That which we have seen and heard declare we unto you, that ye also may have fellowship with us: and truly our fellowship is with the Father, and with his Son Jesus Christ.
Christians forsake fellowship with each other for companionship with dogs, cats, golf, sports, bars, dining out, children, grandchildren, etc. Justify yourself all you want, but it is time to be convicted by the truth. We prefer the comfort and safety of a dog companion, to a meaningful Christ-like engagement with our fellow believers.
Julian, As some have pointed out, dogs are God's creatures and were created as being good. Dogs are one of many animals God has allowed us to domesticate. Not all animals can be. So, I think God purposed this to be so. Mankind continues to domesticate new species of animals. Some people have iguanas for pets and they can be tamed and leash trained. Some people have emus or ostriches for pets or raise them for food. Some people have birds like parrots for pets. We have domesticated rabbits (an unclean animal in OT), guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, ferrets, llamas, elephants, and horses. All of these are God's creatures and were created being good by God.
So, if you do not like dogs or any other animal, that is your prerogative, but to God, every creature He created was created good before Him.
Dear Julian, I myself am not much of a dog person and have never had a dog for a pet. I have had cats, which I prefer. But domesticated dogs are pets or helpers on farms or for security or police enforcement purposes. They serve man in many ways.
In biblical times, they were not domesticated like today. They were not welcome into homes and ran around in packs scavenging and being brutal to other creatures and humans.) But now, thousands of years later, dogs have been breed for many purposes for mankind. They are loyal and good companions to many. I do not like it when dogs jump up on me, growl at me, run at me, etc. but I don't mind well behaved dogs. But everyone is entitled to their own opinion about dogs. i am just not sure that the Bible expressly forbids having dogs as pets. Maybe you know of a Scripture that speaks to this.
Julian, I admit that we weak humans can go overboard in an undue affection for dogs. I myself have to endeavor, by God's grace, to keep myself from being too mushy over them. :)
First - let us remember the Syro-Phonecian woman who asked Jesus to cast the devil out of her daughter. Jesus at first denied her request, saying that He was come to first seek the lost sheep of israel. She responded, "even the puppies get the crumbs that fall from their Master's table." Jesus did not upbraid her, saying something like, "Puppies shouldn't be in the house in the first place!!" :)
It's true that some 'dogs' of the wild type are sly, cruel and savage. Those would be more of what would describe evil people!
Dogs in homes are domestic animals. This is a sad commentary in our day that people don't understand this. They neglect their dogs, or dump them on the street, thinking they can forage for themselves! That is absolutely false! Domestic canines cannot survive well on their own. They become sick, they become prey for animals; they become prey for evil people.
Like other domestic animals, they are part of the class of creatures that we are to be stewards of. I have seen countless cases of dogs being rescued who have been so neglected; their fur was left unwashed and uncut - and the poor creatures literally become encrusted with feces, urine, and parasites. I remember one case of a little dog whose matted fur entangled the front paw so bad that it cut off circulation and the limb had to be amputated. Is this the way the Great and Good Creator would want His creatures taken care of? I can't believe that!
I have a son who has been sick for 20 years, pretty much home bound, unable to get out to socialize and make friends. His pets add brightness and laughter and companionship to his painful days. They also serve as watch dogs and caregivers! One day my son fell - and it was his pup that alerted me to it! I thank God for these little helpers!
Everything God created is awesome ! Dogs r highly intelligent , affectionate creatures . They r used by us as helpers in so many ways , guide dogs for blind people , police dogs , detector dogs for drugs and other chemicals , they can even detect a dead and buried body . Nothing that God created isn't beautiful .
You may have heard, and can see for yourself, that dog spelled backwards is god. It's unfortunate that you have such disdain for one of God's creatures that demonstrates unconditional love and provides comfort to those who need it and seek it. Saying that dogs are a distraction who offer no value may be true for you but is not universally accepted. Your neighbors may prefer the company of their dogs since they are loyal to them and will not abandon them simply because they do not like others with whom they spend their time (which seems to describe your attitude). It is kind of you to reach out to your neighbors in a caring and supportive way. However, there are countless people who do not have humans who regularly engage with them on a personal level and the companionship offered by a pet is a meaningful relationship which provides them with purpose and love.
I agree with Paul's low opinion of dogs. Dogs are filthy and do not belong in a Christian home. It is despicable that so many people live with dogs in their house, some even sleep with dogs in their bed. He despised those who burdened the Church with a false Gospel. A dog is a false, poor substitute for a human companion. It requires food and care and returns no spiritual value. It is just a distraction from our work to love each other. It is difficult to visit with my neighbors who care for dogs, it actually isolates them from real human companionship. Labeling the false teachers as dogs was appropriate in Paul's day.
Today, in the modern, apostate Church, people live with dogs and false teachers, and view it as normal.
I can think of one occasion where Paul was determined to get to Jerusalem by the Day of Pentecost & didn't want anything to stop him from doing so: Acts 20:15-24. Not sure if you were thinking of this one. If not, if you can remember anymore details.
Jesse, believe it or not, that's the first time I ever said that to someone.
Someone had just sorta rebuked me for mentioning dogs. I was hungry, tired and just wanted to go... and my flesh ruined a perfectly good day.
Thanks for the teaching tho' cause I really didn't know what it meant.
I had the JW's come by my door. I would nicely disagree when they wanted to read the brochure to me, and I worked my testimony in other times. It went on a few months. I knew they thought they had me straddling the middle. I had to say my decision for Jesus was firm. Then I said after the Rapture they could still receive Jesus as their Savior...they might die for it, but at least they'd be received into heaven. They're very sweet, but very much blinded as are some Jews in Israel.
Yes. Also, a supplemental informational resource is Josephus, History of the Jews.
I want to add that many modern Bible translations have omitted things or altered things. So that's another unfortunate aspect to be concerned about.
If you lay the KJV alongside the NIV or ESV, there are many many differences. If the Catholic Church is behind it, then perhaps they are altering stuff to make their doctrine fit.
KJV is good since we feel the Spirit throwing light on the passages as equally I have been illumined many times while reading the Bible ages ago in the vernacular. I believe we confuse the Scripture being God breathed, somewhat like Mary confused the risen Christ for a gardener or somebody else. But when she heard his voice, she knew instantly her Master's voice. The word of God works with a believer not because of original MS or it is in KJV but it connects with heart a spiritual space. St Paul speaks how the Spirit helps with our infirmities in Ro.8. It is equally true with reading. Thy word is truth and it is how it speaks to man. Jesus Chrisst the same yesterday, today and forever. In John 2o Mary, "she turned herself back, and saw Jesus standing, and knew not that it was Jesus." But the voice of the Word is eternal. "Jesus saith unto her, Mary." Instantly she recognized the Word become flesh. There is a difference between the man and the word become flesh. Similarly there is a difference between literal approach and letting the Spirit illumine our reading.
What is 'perfect' and should there be a controversy over it. God is perfect and it is holiness of God. Human intellect make nonsense in explaining it. God commands us, 'Be ye holy, for I am holy'. Without 'grace' it would not be possible. Truth and grace came by Jesus Christ. Perfection is rounded off in our abiding life by our Redeemer Lord as St Paul confesses to the 'power of Christ in me' (2 Co.12:9).
And even here on this Site, a little while ago there has been debate on the word 'perfect', as found in e.g. Matthew 5:48, Matthew 19:21, 1 Corinthians 2:6. This word 'perfect' has been used by some here to denote, 'sinlessness', that we have to be, or even now, are sinless. Not sure of your position on this, but reading the Greek, 'teleios', seems to indicate more towards 'completeness, full-grown, mature'. Now in Matthew 5:48 we have a problem, we see that Jesus gives the command, to "Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect." So, clearly the absolute perfection that our Father fully has within Himself, cannot be the same that we need to have/strive for on Earth: that is, not towards sinlessness, but towards maturity & completeness. So, I share this just to show how important the original languages are to assist us in understanding God's Word, and especially the KJB (17th Century) which uses language & expressions that sometimes are quite foreign to us here in the 21st Century.
Reverend Michael Ray Dorsey
Try to get her interested in learning how to read the KJV, there are a lot of tools out there that can help. Don't force it, and make it fun. I hope this helps. God bless.
In Philippians 3:10, Paul shares his motivation, and more specifically his compassion.
It is difficult to define this one word without taking the entire verse, but I will try.
He (Paul) says, "while being made conformable unto His death;"
So the first two things, the power of His resurrection, and fellowship of His suffering, just those two things, while something else is going on all the time, Paul says, while being made conformable to His death.
You see, Paul saw himself that if he was going to have fellowship with Christ, if he was going to belong to Christ, Jesus gave up, suffered and died for His mission.
Paul saw his life that every day, he's being more and more conformed to the death of Christ, that he too, in order to have his mission that God called him to, that he too would have to die every day, being conformed to the death of Christ.
Hope this helps?
In Philippians 3:2, the term dogs in this text is actually making reference to a religious phrase. The Gentiles were considered dogs by the Jews.
There are two words in the New Testament that have to do with a dog. KUNARION is a household pet. And then we have a KUON. A KUON is a wild scavenger. And that's the animal used here.
Gentiles were called KUON'S, wild scavengers, impure, and grungy. So it was an insult to call somebody a KUON.
And so he's using the word KUON. He says beware of the dogs. That's the false teachers that come in.
Beware of evil workers, beware of the concision, which literally means mutilation.
PERITOME, to cut around, is the Greek word for circumcision. KATATOME, to cut off, is the word for mutilation. And Paul is using the exaggerated mind picture for us to say that people that go around cutting themselves in any way, shape, or form in order to better themselves spiritually, that's all they are doing is mutilating themselves.
Beware of those false teachers that say that you can come in and receive Christ, but you have to be circumcised. Beware of the evil workers. Beware of the dogs.
That's my take on it.
My comment is provoked for good to bring clarification, we ofttimes have made generalized statements as if they are a "truth of or about God, " but is not. Concerning dogs and all animals and creation the whole creation as we have after the Fall of Mankind is in a fallen state affected by the sin state of mankind and creation since mankind also was given dominion over all the care of the earth in general without listing all details here. With that said God is not hating on any of his creation but the state that it is in is separation from God (a sin state/fallen) and his intended purpose. So, animals are not in their correct state either so their is no permission that has been given of God to make pets of creatures from other kingdoms in the earth world, so there is no special claims on animals that God has chosen to domesticate this is something mankind has chosen to do right or wrong. I do not even think we were suppose to domesticate and take any specific animals for mankind's delight as pets as our main relationships were to be with God and one another/people some people erred in loving animals more. I think they can be helpful when trained as we have come to discover but as "Pets" God is not in that and just because man can find a good use for something does not make it "Approved of God and we really need to stop saying things in this manner because it is just not true. We say these things because it is what we want and we try to make ourselves feel better and get others to believe these things with us by trying to stamp them with God's approval and God is not and has not given us a stamp of approval on this kind of thinking and behaving in life. All mentions of "Dogs," in scripture are derogatory in meaning never anything of good for its use so I do believe that this is what we should say as well, until all creation have been redeemed and are made new again we are not to esteem anything in this world as desirable, good, or approved of God.
Christians forsake fellowship with each other for companionship with dogs, cats, golf, sports, bars, dining out, children, grandchildren, etc. Justify yourself all you want, but it is time to be convicted by the truth. We prefer the comfort and safety of a dog companion, to a meaningful Christ-like engagement with our fellow believers.
So, if you do not like dogs or any other animal, that is your prerogative, but to God, every creature He created was created good before Him.
God Bless You, Julian
In biblical times, they were not domesticated like today. They were not welcome into homes and ran around in packs scavenging and being brutal to other creatures and humans.) But now, thousands of years later, dogs have been breed for many purposes for mankind. They are loyal and good companions to many. I do not like it when dogs jump up on me, growl at me, run at me, etc. but I don't mind well behaved dogs. But everyone is entitled to their own opinion about dogs. i am just not sure that the Bible expressly forbids having dogs as pets. Maybe you know of a Scripture that speaks to this.
First - let us remember the Syro-Phonecian woman who asked Jesus to cast the devil out of her daughter. Jesus at first denied her request, saying that He was come to first seek the lost sheep of israel. She responded, "even the puppies get the crumbs that fall from their Master's table." Jesus did not upbraid her, saying something like, "Puppies shouldn't be in the house in the first place!!" :)
It's true that some 'dogs' of the wild type are sly, cruel and savage. Those would be more of what would describe evil people!
Dogs in homes are domestic animals. This is a sad commentary in our day that people don't understand this. They neglect their dogs, or dump them on the street, thinking they can forage for themselves! That is absolutely false! Domestic canines cannot survive well on their own. They become sick, they become prey for animals; they become prey for evil people.
Like other domestic animals, they are part of the class of creatures that we are to be stewards of. I have seen countless cases of dogs being rescued who have been so neglected; their fur was left unwashed and uncut - and the poor creatures literally become encrusted with feces, urine, and parasites. I remember one case of a little dog whose matted fur entangled the front paw so bad that it cut off circulation and the limb had to be amputated. Is this the way the Great and Good Creator would want His creatures taken care of? I can't believe that!
I have a son who has been sick for 20 years, pretty much home bound, unable to get out to socialize and make friends. His pets add brightness and laughter and companionship to his painful days. They also serve as watch dogs and caregivers! One day my son fell - and it was his pup that alerted me to it! I thank God for these little helpers!
God bless!
Today, in the modern, apostate Church, people live with dogs and false teachers, and view it as normal.
Someone had just sorta rebuked me for mentioning dogs. I was hungry, tired and just wanted to go... and my flesh ruined a perfectly good day.
Thanks for the teaching tho' cause I really didn't know what it meant.
I had the JW's come by my door. I would nicely disagree when they wanted to read the brochure to me, and I worked my testimony in other times. It went on a few months. I knew they thought they had me straddling the middle. I had to say my decision for Jesus was firm. Then I said after the Rapture they could still receive Jesus as their Savior...they might die for it, but at least they'd be received into heaven. They're very sweet, but very much blinded as are some Jews in Israel.
My sweet tea and corn muffins failed.
Thank you, Dear Friend