STRONGS NUMBER H3588

H3588. ki

כִּי‎ conjunction that, for, when (Moabite id,: Phoenician כ‎. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found in here, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaic דֵּךְ‎ this (W^{SG 110 f.}); perhaps also ultimately akin with that, in order that, and then, enclitic, like Latin nam in quisnam?) —

1 that (ὅτι, German dass):

a. prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb, and occupying to it the place of an accusative: so constantly, after verbs of seeing, as Genesis 1:10 טוֺב כִּי אֱלֹהִים וַיַּרְא‎ and God saw that it was good, 3:6; 6:2, 5; 12:14 +? 14:14; 29:33, knowing 22:12; 24:14, telling 3:11; 12:18, repenting 6:6-7, swearing 22:16; Jeremiah 22:5, believing Exodus 4:5; Lamentations 4:12, remembering Psalm 78:35, forgetting Job 39:15; אָמַר‎ = command (late; in early Hebrew the words said are quoted) 36:10, 24 (זְכֹר‎ in a command) 37:20 b 1 Chronicles 21:18 (contrast 2 Samuel 24:18) etc.; כּי טוֺב‎ it is good that ... 18:2 + (usually the infinitive with, as Genesis 2:18; see ibid.); 37:26 נַהֲרֹג כִּי מַהבֶּֿצַע‎ what profit that we should slay (imperfect)...? Malachi 3:14 what proft שָׁמַרְנוּ כִּי‎ that we have kept (perfect)...? Job 22:3 כִּי לְשַׁדַּי הַחֵפֶץ‎ is it pleasure to Shaddai that...? after a pronoun, as Psalm 41:12 by this I know that thou hast pleasure in me, that my enemy cannot triumph over me, 42:5 these things will I remember...that (or how) I used to go, etc., 56:10 this I know that God is for me Job 13:16 (הוא‎). And with כִּי‎ repeated pleonastic after an intervening clause 2 Samuel 19:7; Jeremiah 26:15 +; וְכִי ֗֗֗ כִּי‎ Genesis 3:6; 29:12; Exodus 4:31; Joshua 2:9; 8:21; 10:1; 1 Samuel 31:7; 2 Samuel 5:12; 1 Kings 11:21; Jeremiah 40:7, 11; וְכִי ֗֗֗ לֵאמֹר‎ Genesis 45:26; Judges 10:10.

b. כִּי‎ often introduces the direct narration (like , , and the Greek ὅτι recitativum, e.g. Luke 4:21), in which case it cannot be represented in English (except by inverted commas), Genesis 21:30; 29:33 and she said, י שׁמע ׳כִּי‎ Yahweh hath heard, etc.; Exodus 3:12 = Judges 6:16 and he said, עִמָּ֑ךְ אֶהְיֶה כִּי‎ I will be with thee, Joshua 2:24; 1 Samuel 2:16 (see Dr) 10:19 and ye have said to him, עָלֵינוּ תָּשִׂים מֶלָךְ כִּי‎ Thou shalt set a king over us, 2 Samuel 11:23; 1 Kings 1:13; 20:5; Ruth 1:10, compare 2:21 (but in reply to a question כִּי‎ may = because, see below

3; and so also in sentences giving the explanation of a proper name, Genesis 26:22; 29:32 (but De surely: see below), Exodus 2:10 (compare Genesis 4:25; 41:51-52,); in מָה כִּי‎, introducing an expostulation, 1 Samuel 29:8; 1 Kings 11:22; 2 Kings 8:13, it gives the reason for a suppressed 'Why do you say this?').

c. especially after an oath י ׳חַי אָ֫נִי, חַי‎ etc., introducing the fact sworn to, Genesis 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, אַתֶּם מְרַגְּלִים כִּי‎ (I say) that ye are spies; but though Hebrew usage probably gave it an asseverative force, English idiom does not require it to be expressed: Numbers 14:22; 1 Samuel 20:3 as ׳י‎ liveth, הַמָּוֶת וּבֵין בֵּינִי כְפֶשַׂע כִּי‎ there is but a step between me and death! 26:16; 29:6; Isaiah 49:18 +; 1 Samuel 14:44 תָּמוּת מוֺת כִּי יוֺסִיף וְכֹה אֱלֹהִים כֹּהיַֿעֲשֶׂה‎ thus may God do and more also: thou shalt surely die! 2 Samuel 3:35; 1 Kings 2:23; Ruth 1:17 and elsewhere — Note that כִּי‎ when thus used is often repeated after an intervening clause, in order that its force may be fully preserved: Genesis 22:16f.; 1 Samuel 14:39 יָמוּת מוֺת כִּי‎ (בְּנִי בְּיוֺנָתָן אִםיֶֿשְׁנוֺ‎) י ׳חַי כִּי‎ 25:34; 2 Samuel 2:27 וג אָז ׳כִּי‎ (דִּבַּרְתָּ לוּלֵא‎) כִּי‎, 3:9; 15:21 Qr 1 Kings 1:30; Jeremiah 22:24.

d. כִּי‎ is used sometimes with advs. and interjs. to add force or distinctness to the affirmation which follows: (a) so especially in כִּי אַף‎ (see אַף‎); הֲכִי‎ is it that . . .? (as a neutral interrogative) 2 Samuel 9:1, (expecting a negative answer) Genesis 29:15 is it that thou art my brother, and shalt (therefore) serve me for nothing? Job 6:22 is it that I have said, Give unto me? expressing surprise Genesis 27:36 is it that he is called Jacob, and has (hence) supplanted me twice? 2 Samuel 23:19 an affirm. answer is required (which would imply כִי הֲלֹא‎): read probably with the "" 1 Chronicles 11:25 הִנּוֺ‎ be-hold, he, etc.; כִּי אִםלֹֿא‎ Deuteronomy 32:30 were it not that .. .; כִּי אָמְנָם‎ Job 12:2 of a truth (is it) that ye are the people, etc.; כִּי אַךְ‎ 1 Samuel 8:9; כִּי אֶפֶם‎ Numbers 13:28 +; כִּי גַּם‎ Ruth 2:21; כִי הֲלֹא‎ 1 Samuel 10:1 (but see ᵐ5‎ Dr), 2 Samuel 13:28; כִי הִנֵּה‎ Psalm 128:4; compare 118:10 י ׳בְּשֵׁם אֲמִיַלם כִּי‎ in the name of ׳י‎ (is it) that — or (I say) that — I will mow them down; Job 39:27 doth the vulture mount up at thy command, קִנּוֺ יָרִים וְכִי‎ and (is it) that it (so) makes high its nest? Isaiah 36:19 have the gods of the nations delivered each his land etc.? . . . הִצִּילוּ וְכִי‎ i.e. (Hi) and (is it) that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand? > (Ew^{§ 354 c} De Di) and that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand! = how much less (כִּי אַף‎) have they, etc.! ("" 2 Kings 18:34 כִּי‎ alone, perhaps conformed by error to 18:35; 2 Chronicles 32:15 כִּי אַף‎, which however does not decide the sense of the original וְכִי‎). 1 Chronicles 29:14 מִי וְכִי‎ read ומי‎ or מי כי‎ (b) in introducing the apodosis, especially in עַתָּה כִּי‎ (chiefly after לוּלֵא‎) indeed then . . ., Genesis 31:42; 43:10 for unless we had tarried שַׁבְנוּ עַתָּה כִּי‎ surely then we had returned twice, Numbers 22:33 (read לוּלֵי‎ for אוּלַי‎); so 1 Samuel 14:30 ᵐ5‎ (after לוּא‎), and 13:13 Hi We (לֻא‎ for לֹא‎); after אִם‎ Job 8:6 surely then he will awake over thee, etc. (But elsewhere עַתָּה כִּי‎ is simply for now, Genesis 29:32; Job 7:21 +; or for then = for in that case, Exodus 9:15; Numbers 22:29; Job 3:13; 6:3 +). It is dubious whether אָז כִּי‎ has the same sense: for 2 Samuel 2:27; 19:7 the כִּי‎ in אָז כִּי‎ may be merely resumptive of the כִּי‎ recitation preceding (see

a, c). Rare otherwise: Exodus 22:22 if thou afflict him יִצְעַק אִםצָֿעֹק כִּי‎ 'tis that (= indeed), if he cries unto me, I will hear him, Isaiah 7:9 if ye believe not ׃ תֵאֵָמנוּ לֹא כִּי‎ indeed ye will not be established.

e. there seem also to be other cases in which כִּי‎, standing alone, has an intensive force, introducing a statement with emphasis, yea, surely, certainly (German ja — a lighter particle than these English words): see in AV RV Exodus 18:11; Numbers 23:23; 1 Samuel 17:25; 20:26; 2 Kings 23:22; Isaiah 32:13; 60:9; Jeremiah 22:22; 31:19; Hosea 6:9; 8:6; 9:12; 10:3; Amos 3:7; Psalm 76:11; 77:12 (Ew Che), Proverbs 30:2 (but not if construed as RVm), Ecclesiastes 4:16; 7:7, 20; Job 28:1 +; Lamentations 3:22 (ᵑ7 ᵑ6‎ Ew Th Öttli) the mercies of ׳י‎, surely they are not consumed (read probably תַמּוּ‎ or תָֽמְמוּ‎ for תמנו‎), Ruth 3:12 אָמְנָם כִּי‎ yea, indeed. But it is doubtful whether כִּי‎ has this force in all the passages for which scholars have had recourse to it, and whether in some it is not simply = for. De^{Proverbs 30:1} would restrict the usage to cases in which a suppressed clause may be understood.

f. that, expressing consecution, especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation: followed by perf., Genesis 20:9 what have I sinned against thee עָלַי הֵבֵאתָ כִּי‎ that thou hast brought upon me? 1 Samuel 22:8; Isaiah 22:1 what aileth thee, that thou art gone up, etc.? 22:16; 36:5; 52:5; Micah 4:9; Habakkuk 2:18; followed by participle Judges 14:3; 1 Samuel 20:1; 1 Kings 18:9 how have I sinned that thou art giving, etc.? 2 Kings 5:7; Ezekiel 24:19; usually followed by imperfect Exodus 3:11 who am I אֵלֵךְ כִּי‎ that I should go, etc.? 16:7; Judges 8:6; 9:28; 2 Kings 8:13; Isaiah 7:13; 29:16 (also perfect), Psalm 8:5 what is man תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ כִּי‎? Job 3:12 or why the breasts ׃ אִינָָֽק כִּי‎ that I should suck? 6:11 אִַיַחֵל כִּי מַהכֹּֿחִי‎, 7:12, 17; 10:5f.; 13:25f.; 15:12f; 15:14; 16:3; 21:15 +; after a negative, Genesis 40:15 here also I have done nothing שָׂמוּ כִּי‎ that they should have placed me in the dungeon, Psalm 44:19f. our heart has not turned backward, etc. דִכִּיתָנוּ כִּי‎ that thou shouldst have crushed us, etc., Isaiah 43:22 not me hast thou called on, בִּי יָגַעְתָּ כִּי‎ that thou shouldst have wearied thyself with me, Hosea 1:6 (see RV), Job 41:2; Ruth 1:12 I am too old to have an husband אָמַרְתִּי כִּי‎ that I should have said, etc. (compare Ew^{§ 337 a}; Dr^{§ 39} δ).

g. added to preps. כִּי‎ converts them, like אֲשֶׁר‎, into conjs. ..., as כִּי יַעַן‎ because that...: see below תַּחַת עֵקֶב, עַל, עַד, יַעַן,‎.

2. a. Of time, when, of the past כִּי וַיְהִי‎ Genesis 6:1 (compare Bu^{Urg. 6}), 26:8; 27:1; 2 Samuel 6:13; 7:1; 19:26 + (כַּאֲשֶׁר‎ and especially כְּ‎ with infinitive, are more frequently); כִּי וְהָיָה‎ (simple וְ‎) 1 Samuel 1:12; 17:48; Joshua 22:7; Judges 2:18; 12:5 יאמרו כי והיה‎ and it would be, whenever (frequently) they said, Jeremiah 44:19 (participle), Hosea 11:1; Psalm 32:3 החרשׁתי כי‎ when I was silent, Job 31:21, 26, 29; of present (usually with imperfect) as Exodus 18:16 דָּבָר לָהֶם יִהְיֶה כִּי‎ when they have a matter, 1 Samuel 24:20; Isaiah 1:12; 30:21; Jeremiah 14:12; Zechariah 7:5-6, Malachi 1:8; Psalm 49:19 and men praise thee לָ֑ךְ תֵיטִיב כִּי‎ when thou doest well to thyself, 102:1; 127:5 +, with perfect Ezekiel 3:19-21; 33:9; Proverbs 11:15; 23:22; especially of future, as Genesis 4:12 אֶתהָֿאֲדָמָה תַעֲבֹד כִּי‎ when thou shalt till the ground it shall not, etc., 24:41; 30:33; 31:49; 32:18; Exodus 7:9 when Pharaoh shall speak unto you, Deuteronomy 4:25; 6:20 +; in phrase (וג ׳תאֹמַר‎) תאֹמְרוּ וְכִי‎ Leviticus 25:20; Deuteronomy 18:21; Isaiah 8:19; 36:7; Jeremiah 13:22; and especially in ... כִּי וְהָיָה‎ Genesis 12:12; 46:33; Deuteronomy 6:10; 15:16; 1 Samuel 10:7; 25:30; Isaiah 8:21; 10:12 + often; with perfect 16:12; 1 Chronicles 17:11 (altered from imperfect 2 Samuel 7:12); with participle (unusual) Numbers 33:51; 34:2; Deuteronomy 11:31; 18:9.

b. elsewhere כִּי‎ has a force approximating to if, though it usually represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם‎: — (mostly with imperfect) Genesis 38:16; Numbers 5:20; 10:32; Deuteronomy 6:25; 7:17; 28:2, 13; 1 Samuel 20:13; 2 Samuel 19:8; 2 Kings 4:29; 18:22; Jeremiah 38:15; Proverbs 4:8; Job 7:13 (אמרתי כי‎ when I say), 19:28; often in laws, as Exodus 21:14, 33, 35; Exodus 21:37; 22:4; 22:5 etc., Deuteronomy 13:13; 14:24; 15:7, 12; 17:2; 18:6, 21 etc.; sometimes, in particular, to state a principle broadly, after which special cases are introduced by אִם‎, as Exodus 21:2 when (כִּי‎) thou buyest a Hebrew servant, he shall serve thee six years, after which 21:3-5 follow four special cases with אִם‎ if: so 21:7 (כי‎), 21:8-11 (אם‎); 21:18 (כי‎), 21:19 (אם‎); 21:20 (כי‎), 21:21 (אם‎); 21:22 f; 21:28-32; Leviticus 1:2 (כי‎), 1:3; 1:10 (אם‎) 4:2-3, 13, 27, 32; 13:2ff. Numbers 30:3ff. +; though this distinction is not uniformly observed, contrast e.g. Exodus 21:5 with Deuteronomy 15:16; Numbers 5:19 and 5:20. — N.B. with כִּי‎ = when or if, the subject is often prefixed for distinctness and emphasis: 1 Kings 8:37 וג יִהְיֶה כִּי דֶּבֶר בָאָרֶץ ׳כִּייִֿהְיֶה רָעָב‎, Isaiah 28:18; Micah 5:4 בְאַרְצֵנוּ כִּייָֿבאֹ אַשּׁוּר‎, Psalm 62:11; Ezekiel 3:19 (וְאַתָּה‎), 14:9, 13; 18:5, 18, 21; 33:6 (compare 33:2); and especially in laws of P, as אָדָם ֗֗֗ כִּי‎ Leviticus 1:2; 13:2, ... כִּי נֶפֶשׁ‎ 2:1; 4:2; 5:1, 4, 15, similarly 15:2, 16, 19, 25; 22:12-13, 14 etc., rather differently Numbers 5:20.

c. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though: — (a) with imperfect Jeremiah 4:30 (3 t. in verse); 14:12; 49:16 קִנֶּ֑ךָ כַּנֶּשֶׁר כִּיתַֿגְבִּיהַּ‎ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest, I will bring thee down thence, 51:53; Hosea 13:15; Zechariah 8:6; Psalm 37:24; 49:19f. though in his lifetime he bless himself ... he shall come, etc., perhaps also Jeremiah 46:23 Ew (but Hi Gf Ke for), 50:11 Ew Ke (Hi yea); and strengthened by כִּי גַּם גַּם,‎ Isaiah 1:5; Psalm 23:4 (compare Dr^{§ 143}); (b) with perf. (rare) Micah 7:8 קָ֑מְתִּי נָפַלְתִּי כִּי‎ though I have fallen, I rise, Nahum 1:10 (si vera 1.), Psalm 21:12 (Hi Ew Now), 119:88 (Ew De).

3 Because, since ὅτι —

a. Genesis 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou, etc., 3:17; 18:20; 17:20 the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah — because it is great ... (subject prefixed for emphasis: compare

2 N.B.) Isaiah 28:15; in answer to a question, Genesis 27:20; Exodus 1:19; 18:15; 2 Samuel 19:43 +. Enunciating the conditions under which a future action is conceived as possible (German indem) Leviticus 22:9; Deuteronomy 4:29 תדרשׁנו כי‎, 12:20 (see Dr), 12:25; 12:28; Deuteronomy 13:19; 14:24; 16:15; 19:6, 9 +, 1 Kings 8:35 (compare 8:33 אֲשֶׁר‎), 8:36 תוֺרֵם כִּי‎, Proverbs 4:8b.

b. more commonly the causal sentence follows, as Genesis 2:3 and God blessed the seventh day וג שָׁבַת בוֺ ׳כִּי‎ because on it he rested, etc., 4:25 etc., in which case it may often be rendered for, 2:5; Genesis 2:28; 3:20; 5:24; 6:7, 12, 13; Psalm 6:3 heal me עֲצָמָ֑י נִבְהֲלוּ כִּי‎ for my bones are vexed, 10:14; 25:16; 27:10 + very often specifically after verbs expressive of mental emotions, as rejoicing Isaiah 14:29; Psalm 58:11, being angry Genesis 31:35; 45:5, fearing 43:18; Psalm 49:17 etc. Iron. 1 Kings 18:27 for he is a god etc. (4 t.); Proverbs 30:4; Job 38:5 תֵדָ֑ע כִּי‎ for or since thou knowest. With subject prefixed Psalm 128:2. Repeated (with anacoluthon) Isaiah 49:19.

c. the causal relation expressed by כִּי‎ is sometimes subtle, especially in poetry, and not apparent without careful study of a passage. Thus sometimes it justifies a statement or description by pointing to a pregnant fact which involves it, as Isaiah 3:8a Job 6:21 (ground of the comparison 6:15-20), 14:16 (For...: ground of the wishes expressed 14:13-15), 16:22 (ground of 16:20f.) 30:26 (For ...), or by pointing to a General truth which it exemplifies 5:6 (reason why complaining 5:2-5 is foolish), 15:34; 23:14; sometimes it is explicative, justifying a statement by unfolding the particulars which establish or exemplify it 2 Samuel 23:5a; Isaiah 1:30; 5:7; 7:8; 9:4; 10:8-11; 13:10 (development of 13:9a); 32:6 f. (developing the characters of the נָבָל‎ and כִּילַי‎, and so explaining why they will no longer be esteemed 32:5); Job 11:16ff. (explicit of 11:15b), 18:8 ff. (justifying 18:7), 22:26 ff. (justifying 22:25); elsewhere the cause is expressed indirectly or figuratively Isaiah 2:6 (reason why invitation 2:5 is needed), 5:10 (sterility of the soil the cause of the desolation 5:9), 18:5; 28:8 (proof of the intoxication 28:7), 31:7 (reason for the exhortation 31:6: the certainty that the folly of idolatry will soon be recognized), Job 7:21 (for soon it will be too late to pardon), 27:8-10 (Job wishes his enemy the lot of the wicked, because this is so hopeless); or כִּי‎ relates not to the see which immediately precedes or follows, but to several, as Isaiah 7:16f. (7:17 specially the ground of the people being reduced to simple fare 7:15), 21:6ff. (ground of the statements 21:1-5), Job 4:5 (ground of 4:2), 14:7-12 (14:10-12 specially the ground for the appeal in 14:6), 23:10-13 (ground why God cannot be found 23:8f.), Psalm 73:21 (ground not of 73:20, but of the General train of thought 73:2); similarly Genesis 4:24; Deuteronomy 18:14; Jeremiah 30:11 the reason lies not in the words immediately after כִּי‎, but in the second part of the sentence; or, on the other hand, it may state the reason for a particular word, Isaiah 28:20 (justifying 'nought but terror' 28:19), Job 23:17 (God's hostility 23:16 the cause of his misery, not the calamity as such). Sometimes also כִּי‎, in a poetic orrhetorical style, gives the reason for a thought not expressed but implied, especially the answer to a question; Isaiah 28:11 (the mockeries of 28:10 have a meaning) 'for with men of strange lips, etc. he will speak unto this people,' who will retort the mockeries, charged with a new and terrible meaning, upon those who uttered them (28:13); = (no,) for 28:28 (see RVm), Job 22:2b no, he that is wise is profitable to himself, 31:18; 39:14 (see 39:13b), Psalm 44:24 (he cannot do this, 44:23) for for thy sake are we killed, etc., 130:4 no, with thee is forgiveness; = (yes,) for Isaiah 49:25 (see the question 49:24), 66:8.

d. כִּי ֗֗֗ כִּי‎ ἀσυνδέτως sometimes introduce the proximate and ultimate cause respectively, Genesis 3:19; 26:7; 43:32; 47:20; Exodus 23:33 for [else] thou wilt serve their gods, for it will be a snare to thee, Isaiah 2:6 (twice in verse); 3:8 (twice in verse); 6:5a, b; 10:22f.; Job 6:3f.; 8:8-9, (twice in verse); 24:17 (twice in verse); 29:11f.; sometimes they introduce two co-ordinate causes (where we should insert and), Exodus 23:21-22, Isaiah 6:5b,c I am undone, because I am of unclean lips..., because mine eyes have seen ׳י‎ of hosts, 15:5 (twice in verse); 15:6 (twice in verse); 15:8-9, Zephaniah 3:8f.; Job 15:25, 27; 20:19f.; 31:11f. But וְכִי ֗֗֗ כִּי‎ also occurs, Genesis 33:11; Numbers 5:20 (if), Joshua 7:15; Judges 6:30; 1 Samuel 19:4; 22:17; 1 Kings 2:26; Isaiah 65:16 +.

e. after a negative כִּי‎ for becomes = but (German sondern): Genesis 17:15 thou shalt not call her name Sarai, שְׁמָהּ שָׂרָה כִּי‎ for (= but) Sarah shall be her name, 24:3f.; 45:8; Exodus 1:19; 16:8 not against us are your murmurings, עליֿ ׳כי‎ for (they are) against ׳י‎ = but against ׳י‎, Deuteronomy 21:17; 1 Samuel 6:3 (אַל‎), 27:1 (see Dr), 1 Kings 21:17; Isaiah 10:7; 28:27; 29:23; 30:5; Psalm 44:8; 118:17 + often; so in כי לא‎ nay, for = nay, but, as Genesis 18:15 צָחָֽקְתְּ כִּי לֹא‎ nay, but thou didst laugh, 19:2; 42:12; Joshua 5:14; 1 Samuel 2:16 MSS ᵐ5‎ (see Dr), 12:12; 2 Samuel 16:18; 24:24; 1 Kings 2:30; 3:22; 11:22; Isaiah 30:16 nay, but we will flee upon horses.

Note. — כִּי‎ is sometimes of difficult and uncertain interpretation, and in some of the passages quoted a different explanation is tenable. Authorities especially read the Hebrew differently, when the choice is between for and yea. E.g. Isaiah 8:23 Ges Ew^{§ 330 b} doch (no, but); Hi Di for (taking Isaiah 8:22 as RVm); Ch surely: 15:1 Ges Ew Hi Di surely; De for: 39:8 Ges Hi De surely; Di for (explanation of טוֺב‎): Ezekiel 11:16 Hi Ke Co surely; Ew Sm because. — In Exodus 20:25 the tense of וַתְּחַלֲלֶהָ‎ makes it probably that כֹּי‎ is for (Dr^{§ 153}). Job 22:29 is taken with least violence to usage (גַּאֲוָה‎) as Hi When they humble thee, and thou sayest (= complainest) Pride! he will save, etc. אִםֿ כִּי‎ (the אִם‎ always followed by makkeph, except Genesis 15:4; Numbers 35:33; Nehemiah 2:2, where כִּיאִֿם‎ is read by the Mass.: Fr^{MM 241}) —

1 each particle retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

a. that if Jeremiah 26:15; after an oath (כִּי‎ not translated: see כִּי‎

1c) if 1 Samuel 14:39; Jeremiah 22:24, surely not (אִם‎ 1b 2) 2 Samuel 3:35; 1 Samuel 25:34 (כִּי‎ being resumptive of the כִּי‎ before לוּלֵי‎: see כִּי‎ 1c); Exodus 22:22 (in apodosis) indeed if . . . (see כִּי‎ 1d).

b. for if Exodus 8:17; 9:2; 10:4; Deuteronomy 11:20 +, for though Isaiah 10:22; Jeremiah 37:20; Amos 5:22, but if Jeremiah 7:5.

2 (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause —

a. limiting the preceding clause, except (after a negative, or an oath, or question, the equivalent of a negative) — the most usual term for expressing this idea: followed by verb Genesis 32:27 I will not let thee go; אִםבֵּֿרַכְתָּֽנִי כִּי‎ literally but (כִּי‎

3e) if thou bless me (that is, I will let thee go), i.e., subordinating the second clause to the first, 'I will not let thee go, except thou bless me;' Leviticus 22:6 he shall not eat of the holy things אִםרָֿחַץ כִּי‎ except he have washed his flesh, Isaiah 65:6; Amos 3:7; Ruth 3:18; Lamentations 5:21f. (Ew Näg Ke Che Öttli), turn thou us unto thee, etc., unless thou have utterly rejected us, (and) art very wroth with us (= Or hast thou utterly rejected us? etc. Ew Öttli); followed by a noun, except, but, Genesis 28:17 this is nothing הָאֱ אִםבֵּֿית ׳כִּי‎ but the house of God, 32:9 he withholds from me nothing אִםאֿוֺתָךְ כִּי‎ except thee, Leviticus 21:2; Numbers 14:30 (after אִם‎), 26:65 (compare 32:12 בִּלְתִּי‎), Joshua 14:4; 1 Samuel 30:17, 22; 2 Samuel 12:3 אִםֿ כִּי כֹּל אֵין‎ (so 2 Kings 4:2), 19:29; 1 Kings 17:1 (after אִם‎), 22:31; 2 Kings 5:15; 9:35; 13:7; Jeremiah 22:17; 44:14 +; after אַל‎, 2 Chronicles 23:6; followed by an adverb clause, Genesis 42:15; Numbers 35:33; 2 Samuel 3:13 (but אִם כִּי‎ and לִפְנֵי‎ are mutually exclusive: read probably with אִםהֵֿבֵיאתָ כִּי ᵐ5‎); after an interrogative Isaiah 42:19 who is blind אִםעַֿבְדִּי כִּי‎ but my servant ? (who is blind in comparison with him ?), Deuteronomy 10:12; Micah 6:8; Ecclesiastes 5:10; 2 Chronicles 2:5.

b. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic (compare אִם‎

1c), so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but (= a slightly strengthened כִּי‎), Genesis 15:4 this man shall not be thy heir; וג אִםאֲֿשֶׁר ׳כִּי‎ but one that shall come forth from thy own bowels, he shall be thy heir (compare 1 Kings 8:19), 1Ki 32:29 thy name shall no more be called Jacob אִםיִֿשְׂרָאֵל כִּי‎ but Israel (compare כִּי‎ alone 17:15), 1Ki 47:18 we will not hide it from my lord, but the money . . . is all made over to, etc., Exodus 12:9 not boiled in water, but roast with fire, Deuteronomy 7:5; 12:5; 16:6; Joshua 23:8; 1 Samuel 2:15 he will not take of thee boiled flesh אִםחָֽֿי׃ כִּי‎ but raw, 8:19 עָלֵינוּ יִהְיֶה אִםמֶֿלֶךְ כִּי לֹא‎ nay, but a king shall be over us (compare כי‎ alone, 10:19; 12:12), 21:5; 2 Samuel 5:6; 1 Kings 18:18; 2 Kings 10:23 (מֶּן‎), Isaiah 33:21; 55:10-11, 59:2; Jeremiah 3:10; 7:32; 9:23; 16:15; 20:3; Ezekiel 36:22; 44:10; Amos 8:11; Psalm 1:2; 1:4; Proverbs 23:17 (אַל‎) Psalm +; with the principal verb repeated (as Genesis 15:4; 1 Kings 8:19), Leviticus 21:14; Ezekiel 44:22; Numbers 10:30; 2 Kings 23:23; Jeremiah 39:12 Kt (Qr omit אִם‎), compare 7:23. Occasionally in colloquial language, the negative, it seems, is left to be understood: 1 Samuel 26:10 as ׳י‎ liveth, (by no means,) אִם כִּי‎ but ׳י‎ shall smite him, 2 Samuel 13:33 Kt (by no means,) but Amnon alone is dead (Qr omits אִם‎). Followed by imperative Isaiah 65:18; Ezekiel 12:23; Jeremiah 39:12; 2 Chronicles 25:8. Sometimes also, though rarely (and not certainly), אִם כִּי‎ appears to have the force of only even without a previous negative: Genesis 40:14 אִתְּךָ אִםזְֿכַרְתָּנִי כִּי‎ only have (?) me in remembrance with thyself (but read perhaps אַךְ‎ for כִּי‎; see Dr^{§ 119} δ n., the use of a bare perfect, without לוּ‎, or even waw consecutive, to express a wish or command is unexampled), Numbers 24:22 קָֽיִן׃ לְבָעֵר יִהְיֶה אִםֿ כִּי‎ only, nevertheless, the Kenite shall be for extermination (compare Di), Job 42:8 (De Di) אֶשָּׂא אִםמָּֿנָיו כִּי‎

c. after an oath אִם כִּי‎ appears to = a strengthened כִּי‎ (compare אִם ׃עַד אִם אִם, בִּלְתִּי‎

1c), introducing the fact sworn to (see כִּי‎ 1c): 2 Kings 5:20 as ׳י‎ liveth, אִםרַֿצְתִּי כִּי‎ surely I will run (perfect of certitude) after him, etc., Jeremiah 51:14 (Ges Hi Gf RV) surley I will fill thee with men (namely, assailants), etc. (but Ew Ke Ch treat the particles as separate (כִּי‎ as כִּי‎

1c): though I have filled thee with men —; i.e. increased thy population, — yet shall they — the assailants — lift up the shout against thee), 2 Samuel 15:21 Kt (Qr omits אִם‎); after an assever. particle Ruth 3:12 Kt אָנֹכִי גּוֺאֵל אִם כִּי אָמְנָם כִּי וְעַתָּה‎ and now, yea indeed, surely I am thy kinsman (Qr omits אִם‎); the oath being understood, Judges 15:7 if ye do thus, אִםנִֿקַּמְתִּי כִּי‎ surely (Ges hercle) I will avenge myself, 1 Samuel 21:6 לָנוּ עֲצֻרָה אִםאִֿשָּׁה כִּי‎ of a truth women have been kept from us, etc., 1 Kings 20:6 surely tomorrow I will send, etc., Proverbs 23:18 (see De) surely there is a reward; perhaps also Job 42:8.

כֵּן עַל כִּי‎ forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Genesis 18:5; 19:8; 33:10; 38:26; Numbers 10:31; 14:43; Judges 6:22; 2 Samuel 18:20 Qr (rightly), Jeremiah 29:28; 38:4 — literally for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew^{§ 353 a} ). The original force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Genesis 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; עַבְדְּכֶם עַל עֲבַרְתֶּם כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן‎ for therefore (that is, to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Numbers 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, שַׁבְתֶּם כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן‎ for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from ׳י‎ etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which כֵּן עַל‎ therefore could be explicitly referred. כֵּן עַל אֲשֶׁר‎ appears to be used similarly (compare אֲשֶׁר‎

8c) Job 34:27.